Non-linear constitutive relations for magnetostrictive materials

In this paper, non-linear deformation behavior of magnetostrictive materials is studied and three magnetoelastic coupling constitutive models are developed. The standard square (SS) constitutive model is developed by means of truncating the polynomial expansion of the Gibbs free energy. The hyperbolic tangent (HT) constitutive equations, which involve a hyperbolic tangent magnetic-field dependence, are proposed to model the magnetic-field-induced strain saturation of magnetostrictive materials in the region of intense magnetic fields. A new model based on density of domain switching (DDS) is established in terms of the basic truth that magnetic domain switching underlies magnetostrictive deformation. In this model, it is assumed that the relation between density of domain switching, defined by the quantity of magnetic domains switched by per unit magnetic field and magnetic field can be described by a density function with normal distribution. The moduli in these constitutive models can be determined by a material function that is proposed to describe the dependence of the peak piezomagnetic coefficient on the compressive pre-stress for one-dimensional cases based on the experimental results published. The accuracy of the non-linear constitutive relations is evaluated by comparing the theoretical values with experimental results of a Terfenol-D rod operated under both compressive pre-stress and bias magnetic field. Results indicate that the SS constitutive equations can accurately predict the experimental results under a low or moderate magnetic field while the HT model can, to some extent, reflect the trend of saturation of magnetostrictive strain under a high magnetic field. The model based on DDS, which is more effective in simulating the experimental curves, can capture the main characteristics of the mechanism of magnetoelastic coupling deformation of a Terfenol-D rod, such as the notable dependence of magnetoelastic response on external stress and the saturation of magnetostrictive strain under intense magnetic fields. In addition, the SS constitutive relation for a general three-dimensional problem is discussed and an approach to characterize the modulus tensors is proposed.     

无约束修正Timoshenko梁的冲击问题

介绍了修正后的Timoshenko梁运动方程，并比较了修正Timoshenko梁与经 典Timoshenko梁的运动方程. 推导了考虑剪切变形引起的转动惯量的修正Timoshenko 梁的正交条件，推导了集中质量对无约束修正Timoshenko梁的正碰撞对梁所引起的瞬态冲 击响应公式，并用算例进行了分析，且与集中质量对经典的无约束Timoshenko梁的正碰撞 对梁所引起的冲击响应进行了比较，另外还用算例分析了梁的刚度的变化和冲击质量比对其 冲击响应产生的影响.     

Baicalin induces apoptosis in human osteosarcoma cell through ROS-mediated mitochondrial pathway

Baicalin is extracted from a traditional Chinese herb, Scutellaria baicalensis. In this study, the anticancer activity and underlying mechanisms of baicalin towards human osteosarcoma cell (HOS) were investigated. Baicalin could inhibit HOS cell proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner. Mitochondrial membrane potential decreased obviously after treated with different concentration of baicalin by flow cytometry assay and revealed that baicalin triggered a significant generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Western blotting assay further revealed that baicalin-induced cell apoptosis by suppressing Bcl-2 level, then activating caspase-9 and caspase-3. In vivo experiment, baicalin significantly suppressed tumour growth in female BALB/C nude mice bearing HOS tumours. In addition, baicalin did show toxicity to treated animal by comparing the body weight increase and mortality. In general, the present results demonstrated that baicalin-induced apoptosis in human osteosarcoma cell via a ROS-mediated mitochondrial pathway. The paper indicated that baicalin is a promising candidate for the treatment of HOS.     

Synthesis and photophysical properties of europium pentafluorinated β-diketonate complexes

Research on Chemical Intermediates - Two pentafluorinated β-diketone ligands, 4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoro-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)pentane-1,3-dione (PFMP) and 4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoro-1-(4-dimethyl...     

Engineered Anisotropic Fluids of Rare-Earth Nanomaterials

The self-assembly of inorganic nanoparticles into well-ordered structures in the absence of solvents is generally hindered by van der Waals forces, leading to random aggregates between them. To address the problem, we functionalized rigid rare-earth (RE) nanoparticles with a layer of flexible polymers by electrostatic complexation. Consequently, an ordered and solvent-free liquid crystal (LC) state of RE nanoparticles was realized. The RE nanomaterials including nanospheres, nanorods, nanodiscs, microprisms, and nanowires all show a typical nematic LC phase with one-dimensional orientational order, while their microstructures strongly depend on the particles’ shape and size. Interestingly, the solvent-free thermotropic LCs possess an extremely wide temperature range from −40 °C to 200 °C. The intrinsic ordering and fluidity endow anisotropic luminescence properties in the system of shearing-aligned RE LCs, offering potential applications in anisotropic optical micro-devices.     

Visible-Light-Induced Vicinal Dichlorination of Alkenes through LMCT Excitation of CuCl2

This work demonstrates photoredox vicinal dichlorination of alkenes, based on the homolysis of CuCl₂ in response to irradiation with visible light. This catalysis proceeds via a ligand to metal charge transfer process and provides an exciting opportunity for the synthesis of 1,2-dichloride compounds using an inexpensive, low-molecular-weight chlorine source. This new process exhibits a wide substrate scope, excellent functional group tolerance, extraordinarily mild conditions and does not require external ligands. Mechanistic studies show that the ready formation of chlorine atom radicals is responsible for the facile formation of C−Cl bonds in this synthetic process.     

Polarization in D-shaped fiber modulated by magneto-optical dichroism of magnetic fluid

The polarization of a D-shaped fiber is modulated after immersing it in magnetic fluid(MF)and applying a magnetic field.Theoretical analysis predicts that magneto-optical dichroism of MF plays a key role in light polarization modulation.During light polarization modulation,the evanescent wave polarized parallel to the magnetic field has greater loss than its orthogonal component.Light polarization of a D-shaped fiber with a wide polished surface can be modulated easily.High concentration MF and a large magnetic field all have great ability to modulate light polarization.     

Spectroscopic and theoretical optical properties of indoleninyl-substituted dibenzotetraaza[14]annulenes

Two new macrocyclic dibenzotetraaza[14]annulene (DBTAA) compounds with indolenine ( 5 ) and pyridoindolenine ( 6 ) moieties were synthesized and characterized by spectroscopy. Both DBTAAs exhibit strong UV-Vis absorption properties in the Soret band region. The theoretical second-order nonlinear optical property, electric dipole moment (μ), dispersion-free dipole polarizability (α) and first hyper-polarizability values were calculated by density functional theory and time dependent density functional theory. The ab-initio quantum mechanical calculation by time-dependent Hartree-Fock method was utilized to investigate the dynamic dipole polarizabilities, dynamic second-order, static, and dynamic third-order (γ) hyper-polarizabilities of the DBTAAs. The configuration interaction technique of all doubly occupied molecular orbitals possesses theoretically defined single-photon absorption (OPA) specifications for the examined structures. The computed maximum OPA wavelengths on both macrocyclic compounds coincide with the preceding measurement outcomes.     

Synthesis and Herbicidal Activities of 3‐(4‐Chloro‐2‐fluoro‐5‐substituted phenyl)benzo[d][1,2,3]triazin‐4(3H)‐one Derivatives

A series of 3‐phenyl benzo[d][1,2,3]triazin‐4(3H)‐one derivatives were synthesized through the condensation of phenol E and alkyl (alkenyl, alkynyl) chlorides (bromides, iodide) or alkyl chloroacetates or N‐alkyl chloroacetamides using K₂CO₃ as the acid acceptor in N,N‐dimethylformamide. Phenol E was prepared from starting material, 5‐amino‐2‐chloro‐4‐fluorophenyl ethyl carbonate, in four steps involving in amidation, reduction, diazotization, and deprotecting‐group reaction. The herbicidal activities of the title compounds were tested against two dicotyledonous plants and two monocotyledonous plants, in which some of them exhibited high herbicidal activities against two dicotyledonous plants in preemergence and postemergence treatments. Moreover, when the dosage was decreased to 180 and 90 g/ha, compounds F1 , F8 , and F9 showed highly selective inhibitory activities against amaranth pigweed, alfalfa, asteraceae, field sowthistle, morning glory, purslane, and velvetleaf in postemergence treatment but had no herbicidal efficacy on rape except F1 , suggesting that it be possible to find a kind of herbicides to inhibit dicotyledonous weeds in the field of dicotyledonous crops with the same genus as aforementioned weeds.